The novel coronavirus, or SARS-CoV-2, is the underlying cause of COVID-19. Its diagnosis entails using laboratory testing to detect viral genetic material in the patient’s bodily fluids. With no cure, COVID-19 is treated with various medications, including antiviral drugs and monoclonal antibodies.
SARS-CoV-2 first appeared in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. By the early months of 2020, it spread across the world, transforming into a pandemic. The diagnosis of COVID-19 relies on laboratory testing. While those infected with the virus may experience fever, cough, and difficulty breathing, some do not develop any symptoms and may act as asymptomatic carriers. The only reliable method to diagnose the disease is through lab tests. Two main types of diagnostic tests are widely used to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test is the most accurate to diagnose COVID-19. The molecular test requires a nasopharyngeal swab sample. After obtaining the sample, specialists analyze it using molecular genetic technology to identify viral genetic material. Results are ready within 24-72 hours. Alternatively, rapid antigen tests are used faster to diagnose COVID-19. Although the test also uses a swab sample, its results are readying in only 15 minutes. Pharmacies sell this test in the form of an at-home kit as well. Although its short turnaround time makes it more convenient, its results are less accurate, with a higher chance of false negatives. Once diagnosed with COVID-19, patients must isolate to prevent further infections. Patients who experience mild symptoms may recover at home without medical treatment. They should isolate and monitor the progress of their symptoms. Patients with more serious symptoms need to follow guidelines from a medical professional by going to the hospital for a thorough examination. COVID-19 is currently incurable. Doctors only treat the disease using FDA-approved medications such as antiviral drugs. The main goal of antiviral drug therapy is to reduce the risk of developing severe symptoms, hospitalization, or death. Remdesivir and molnupiravir are antiviral drugs that are used to treat COVID-19. The former is beneficial in hospitalized patients as it speeds up the recovery process; it is administered intravenously. The latter is an oral formulation that acts by blocking viral replication. It is suitable for mild and moderate cases. The FDA also approved Paxlovid as a COVID-19 treatment. The combination drug consists of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir. Nirmatrelvir blocks viral replication, while ritonavir enhances the former’s efficacy by slowing its breakdown in the body. Paxlovid is used in high-risk patients. Along with antivirals, antibody therapy is also available. Monoclonal antibody medications such as sotrovimab are typically used soon after the onset of symptoms. They work by hindering the virus from entering human cells. Studies show that sotrovimab is effective against the omicron variant. Administered as a single intravenous infusion, antibody medications are recommended for patients who might become severely ill upon contracting SARS-CoV-2. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients may also receive a corticosteroid called dexamethasone. This drug acts as an anti-inflammatory. Research findings demonstrate that it is particularly beneficial in reducing the mortality rate in patients who require respiratory support like supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation. In addition to antiviral and antibody medications, supportive care helps patients manage their COVID-19 symptoms. For example, painkillers and cough medications relieve fever, cough, and headache symptoms. |